Although lacking Russell’s charm and wit, his successor, Joseph Franklin (“Judge”) Rutherford, likewise published books and articles in his own name. Often characterized as rough and stern compared with his predecessor, he put greater emphasis on “the Society” and “the organization” to secure the organizational loyalty of followers not attracted by his personality. Taking control following Russell’s death in 1916, he pledged that “the policies which Brother Russell inaugurated I will attempt to carry
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